A dívida total na América Latina e Caribe cresceu para US$5,8 trilhões, ou 117% do PIB. A dívida pública disparou durante a pandemia, e as empresas emitiram quantias substanciais para sobreviver à crise.
Embora a assunção de dívidas tenha ajudado a região a resistir à pandemia, ela agora está pesando sobre sua economia. Se os países querem crescer e reduzir a possibilidade de uma crise de dívida mais profunda, eles precisam reduzir a dívida a níveis prudentes.
Para atingir níveis de dívida prudentes, os formuladores de políticas podem se concentrar em melhores instituições fiscais, implementar medidas de consolidação fiscal, melhorar a gestão da dívida e fornecer assistência bem direcionada a empresas privadas promissoras.
Eventos
Jan 26 2023
Lidar com a dívida: Menos riscos para mais crescimento na América Latina e Caribe
O endividamento aumentou em todo o mundo, e a região da América Latina e Caribe não é exceção. A dívida total subiu para US$ 5,8 trilhões - ou 117% do PIB na região como um todo, chegando a 140% do PIB no caso das cinco maiores economias. Durante a pandemia, a dívida pública disparou para mais de 70% do PIB, e as empresas emitiram montantes substanciais de dívida para sobreviver à crise. Embora os gastos que levaram a esse endividamento tenham ajudado a região a enfrentar a pandemia, agora estão sobrecarregando a economia. Este livro examina o aumento da dívida na América Latina e Caribe e oferece recomendações aos formuladores de políticas para assegurar que a dívida seja usada com sabedoria, seus impactos nocivos sejam evitados, seus altos níveis sejam bem administrados e ela seja reduzida nos países em que for muito alta. Espera-se que as análises e sugestões de políticas apresentadas neste relatório contribuam para enfrentar com sucesso os desafios, reduzir os riscos, impulsionar o crescimento e melhorar os padrões de vida em toda a região e além.
Trust is the most pressing and yet least discussed problem confronting Latin America and the Caribbean. Whether in others, in government, or in firms, trust is lower in the region than anywhere else in the world. The economic and political consequences of mistrust ripple through society. It suppresses growth and innovation: investment, entrepreneurship, and employment all flourish when firms and government, workers and employers, banks and borrowers, and consumers and producers trust each other.
To close its infrastructure gap, Latin America and the Caribbean needs more than investment in new structures. It needs to become more efficient at investing in infrastructure and regulating a new range of services that have the potential to disrupt the energy, transport, and water sectors. The technological revolution makes a future with quality services possible, but not inevitable.
Thirty years after the region embarked on large-scale liberalization, trade policy could have been expected to become all but irrelevant. Instead, a mismatch between expectations and what could realistically be delivered set the stage for much of the disappointment, skepticism, and fatigue regarding trade policy in the region, particularly in the early 2000s. By setting the bar unrealistically high, governments and analysts made trade policies an easy target for special interests that were hurt by liberalization and for those ideologically opposed to free trade.
How can the puzzle of larger demands and fiscal strengthening be solved? This edition of the Development in the Americas (DIA) report focuses precisely on this question. The book suggests that the answer is about fiscal efficiency and smart spending rather than the standard solution of across-the-board spending cuts to achieve fiscal sustainability— sometimes at great cost for society. It is about doing more with less.
Despite governments’ best efforts, many people in Latin America and the Caribbean don’t have the skills they need to thrive. This book looks at what policies work, and don’t work, so that governments can help people learn better and realize their potential throughout their lifetimes.
Why should people—and economies—save? The typical answer usually focuses on the need to protect against future shocks, to smooth consumption during hard times, in short, to save for the proverbial rainy day. This book approaches the question from a slightly different angle.
Child well-being matters for both ethical and economic reasons as children who flourish in the early years are more likely to become healthy, productive citizens later in life.
Anemic economic growth in Latin America and the Caribbean is in need of a post-Washington-Consensus policy shot in the arm. Unfortunately, the ghost of industrial policy casts a shadow over all efforts because it has often done more harm than good.
More than Revenue aims to provide an up-to-date overview of the current state of taxation in the Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) region, its main reform needs, and possible reform strategies that take into account the likely economic, institutional, and political constraints on the reform process.
This edition of the IDB's flagship publication, Development in the Americas, takes an in-depth look at the opportunities countries have to improve urban housing markets and pave the way for solutions that involve the private sector.
Policymakers and academics agree that computers, the Internet, mobile telephones and other information and communication technologies can be beneficial for economic and social development. But how strong is the impact?
The book provides tools to ponder productivity growth beyond conventional aggregate analysis, focusing on the extreme heterogeneity of sectors and firms while emphasizing the importance of policies that allow high productivity firms to thrive and expand.
Using an enhanced version of the recently created Gallup World Poll, the Inter-American Development Bank surveyed people from throughout the region and found that perceptions of quality of life are often very different from the reality.
Conheça os editores
Andrew Powell
Andrew Powell é o conselheiro principal do Departamento de Pesquisa do BID. Andrew possui doutorado de Oxford, é ex-economista-chefe do Banco Central da Argentina e publicou inúmeros artigos acadêmicos em importantes revistas em diversas áreas, incluindo mercados de commodities, bancos e finanças internacionais.
Oscar Mauricio Valencia
Oscar Mauricio Valencia é um especialista líder na Divisão Fiscal e de Gestão Municipal do BID. Antes de ingressar no BID, Oscar foi Diretor Geral de Política Macroeconômica no Ministério da Fazenda da Colômbia. Ele foi secretário técnico do Comitê Independente da Regra Fiscal da Colômbia e membro de vários conselhos de administração em empresas colombianas. Ele possui doutorado em Economia pela Escola de Economia de Toulouse.